Blog Post

ADHD - The Basics

Kathryn Evans • 3 December 2019

What to look for - what to celebrate

ADHD Types Graph
As with all "learning disabilities" ADHD is often diagnosed in children and affects a number of areas. It's also an umbrella term, previously it was ADD (attention Deficit Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), the obvious difference being that some people are hyperactive and others are not.  

ADHD is a condition which is related to brain development and is treated with stimulant medication.  The medication encourages the production of dopamine which helps to improve focus and reduces hyperactivity.  Its a difficult one to get your head around, someone who is hyperactive needs stimulants to calm down.  A lot of adults with ADHD self medicate with caffeine and even exercise, running up the stairs will give you the stimulant you need to help you focus.  Or drinking double espresso.

In previous times the people with  ADD were seen as dreamers and the people with ADHD were always seen as naughty kids who couldn't sit still.  Of course its way more than that but it is now one umbrella with the distribution shown in the graph above, the vast majority of ADHD diagnosis will be for the combined "full" ADHD.

More and more adults are seeking a diagnosis as they have come to recognise that what they see in their children is what they lived with themselves.  Thats because ADHD, like dyslexia and other conditions runs in families.

These adults will have built coping skills over the course of their lives but the diagnosis will help them with medication when they need to focus and of course if you know you have a certain type of brain you will be able to look for strategies to work with that type of brain.

The table below shows the symptoms to look for in children and adults which would be typical of ADHD.
ADHD symptoms in Children and Adults
If you want to truly understand what its like to have an ADHD brain then read a book written by someone with ADHD about how they cope. I can recommend "Faster Than Normal" by Peter Shankman as a truly great insight into how to live with ADHD and be extremely successful. I would recommend that parents of ADHD children read it to as understanding how to harness the power that ADHD comes with is very encouraging when you think your children are not coping.  

Having ADHD is actually a huge strength, ADHD brains work really fast and are usually strong on creativity. If an ADHD person works to their strengths they can achieve great things. Take a look - 

ADHD Strengths
  • Problem Solving - Seeing the big picture and thinking of solutions
  • Creativity - Always have ideas and many projects on the go
  • Imagination - Can work brilliantly for a child, as an adult can help them see their way through projects
  • Compassion - Always want to help others with their pain and struggles
  • Sense of Humour - Can make others laugh
  • Perseverance - Don't believe in "impossible"
  • Keen memory and sense of observation - Remembering events, conversations etc. NOT where you left your phone!
  • Multitasking - Working on several things at once keeps those fast brains occupied
  • Hyperfocus - When its harnessed and ADHD brain hyper focusses on a task until its complete
  • Energy - All that hyperactivity translates into enough energy to keep going
  • Zest for life - ADHD brains look for the rainbows and keep smiling
  • Acceptance - Accepting of others differences and diversities
  • Strong moral compass - Will help others take the right path
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After a lifetime of struggles, I realised about 5 or 6 years ago that I probably had ADHD. The realisation came as I saw my son struggle with his ADHD and particularly adolescence, in so many ways he IS me. The realisation was initially enough, it made things make sense and I started to understand how my brain was different to other peoples. I started to read more about ADHD and coping strategies and realised just how many I already used, and how many more were available to me. At various times in my life I've struggled to cope generally, been on anti-depressants and walked away from jobs, friendships and relationships I'd broken. But when I started to loose control again, during menopause, I decided to seek a diagnosis. I was formally diagnosed as combined type ADHD earlier this year and I scored 9/9 for both hyperactivity and inattention. The consultant recommended I try medication but he was unable to prescribe it due to restrictions in our area (Mid-Essex CCG, who had funded the diagnosis). I want people to understand a little more about ADHD. It's not about bad behaviour, it's not an excuse. It's a real condition to do with brain development, my brain is different to a "normal" persons in exactly the same way a dyslexic or autistic person has a different brain. My brain lacks a neurotransmitter called norepinephrine which is linked to dopamine, dopamine controls the brains reward and pleasure centre. I can't pretend to understand the science, that really isn't my area but I do know that doing certain things makes me function better. Here is a link simple video that explains the ADHD brain. I continue to struggle but I wanted to write down what some of my problems are. I do not switch off Literally do not switch off. In my head there are lots of voices (all mine) and music playing somewhere. I struggle to relax, I struggle to get off to sleep and I struggle to focus. That's probably why I've never enjoyed films. This has been getting worse and worse for the past couple of years, I always have a phone or laptop in my hand and I will be doing something else whilst watching TV, this was getting so bad that I found it rare I could follow a programme any more. I'm working on it, trying different strategies and I am getting some success. I can't sit still On the occasions when I don't have any of my electronics and I have to sit and listen to a talk I look around as I fidget and fiddle with my jewellery and I see everybody else sitting still. I have no idea how they do that. I talk too much Ask anyone! Seriously I've always talked to much and thats one of the things that makes it hard to make friends. I'm also too loud. I interrupt others I know its bad manners, I know I don't want to do it but I literally can't stop doing it. It's one of the things people dislike about me. I have poor executive functions It's common for people with neuro-diversity to have some poor executive functions, mine are: Impulse Control Emotional Regulation Organisation & Planning Attention & Focus In fact the only strong executive function I have is flexibility, which is probably whats carried me through to my 50's. There are many other ways in which I struggle but these are the main areas. I've lived my whole life like this, everything I've achieved has been despite my ADHD. For example, I left school with 1 qualification (O'level English) despite being intelligent. My school reports all mentioned phrases like "could do better", "such a waste", "needs to apply herself". I do have a degree now, which I achieved later in life, and a Masters and a whole lot of other qualifications but thats all because I learned HOW to learn. In fact I learned how to teach and was a secondary school teacher for 15 years. 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